participle vs gerund examples

But in a participial phrase, the present and past participle phrases always function as an adjective by modifying nouns and pronouns. (The technique was extraordinary.) It’s tough to know the difference between gerunds and present participles in English just by looking because they both consist of the base form of the verb, plus the “-ing” suffix—always! Ex. It can also be the subject of the sentence. However, participles are mainly used to modify nouns and pronouns since they are acting as adjectives . Should it be "You" or "Your" with Gerunds. Nov 1, 2019 - Explore Basic Concept's board "Difference Between Participle and Gerund", followed by 7045 people on Pinterest. In English, participles end in -en (fallen), -ed (killed), -t (slept), or -ing (thinking). Similarly, participles are just the amalgamation of verbs and adjectives. Infinitives: The verbal to achieve, in both cases, is an infinitive because it's a verb preceded by to. Both a gerund and a present participle come from a verb, and both end in –ing. Participles are somewhat different from Gerunds. its word-form (formation ofwords) 2. Relation. Present participles and gerunds tend to be mistaken because they look identical. The present participle expresses the state of being or an action, as it is based on a verb. Present participles (verbs indicating continuous activity) also end in -ing. ? 1. } Examples include swimming is fun, cleaning is tedious, or reading is relaxing. Get Grammar Pop today in the iPad App Store. Present participle: swimming 3. A gerund is a present participle (verb + ing) which works as a noun in a sentence. Notice the subtle change in meaning between the two sentences in each pair. When snowboarding is a gerund, it acts like a noun. Decide whether the underlined –ing word is acting like a noun, part of a verb, or an adjective. A gerund accompanied by its objects, complements, and/or modifiers is called a gerund phrase or simply a noun phrase.Like nouns, gerunds and gerund phrases can function as subjects, objects, or complements in a sentence.Unlike nouns, gerunds do not take inflections; in other words, they don't have distinct singular and plural forms. Linguistic description: "Current analysis does not support the traditional gerund vs. participle distinction.Instead, it is analyzed as one form -ing that functions in multiple ways." Quick & Dirty Tips™ and related trademarks appearing on this website are the property of Mignon Fogarty, Inc. and Macmillan Publishing Group, LLC. (function() { Gerund phrase ? In this example, the gerund is studying. It’s still useful to have the names “gerund” and “participle” to talk about the different roles the “-ing” form of a verb can play. Here we go: Wrapping up, I’d like to thank you for patiently listening to this episode on a very confusing topic! Do you, sometimes, get confused between a gerund and a present participle? Since the simple gerund and the present participle have the same form (verb-ing), sometimes it can be difficult to decide whether an -ing form is a gerund or a present participle. 1. It can be a subject, an object, the object of a preposition, or a subject complement. 1. Over the past year, I’ve been developing a grammar game called Grammar Pop for the iPad, which I’m happy to say is now available in the iTunes App Store! Swimming is my favorite sport. 1. *Notice that the -ing ending can indicate either a gerund orparticiple. 13. Difference between Gerund and participle examples. window.mc4wp.listeners.push( With just one small change, though, “unwrapping” becomes a gerund. When -ing forms are used as verbs, adjectives or adverbs, they are called present participles. The object of the gerund is coins. (noun; subject of the verb is) . (noun; direct object of the verb like) . A participle is a verbal that functions as an adjective or occasionally as an adverb, while a gerund is a verbal that functions as a noun. To work through another example, take the phrase “falling snow.” You can’t say “very falling snow,” so it’s probably not an adjective. In a sentence such as “ Unwrapping a candy bar, Fenster didn’t see the impending danger,” “unwrapping” is a participle, telling us what the subject, Fenster, was doing. A gerund is not the same thing as a present participle even though both terms end in “-ing.” A gerund always acts as a noun. Gerund: swimmingExample of present participle in use: 1. ? For example, “credit” is a noun, even in the compound noun “credit card.” So let’s take an example like “skiing vacation.” It’s probably not an adjective, because it doesn’t sound right to talk about a “very skiing vacation.” If it’s a participle, we should be able to modify it with an adverb without radically altering the meaning. ‘Skiing’ looks like an adjective in the verb phrase ‘was skiing’.” It’s true that you could replace “skiing” with a bona fide adjective, such as “happy,” and still have a grammatical sentence. • Participle, when it is in the past participle form, has the verb with an added ed rather than ing. If you find a form of “be” followed by the -ing form, that’s the present participle. A gerund functions like a noun. Jumping is fun.. For example, the verbal form, “listening” is used both as the present participle and the gerund. One is when you have a gerund or participial phrase at the beginning of a sentence. Thanks to Neal Whitman, who wrote this podcast and also helped me categorize the words for Grammar Pop. A present participle is always part of a verb phrase. The gerund ends in -ing and functions as a noun.. You … It’s $1.99 and it’s the full game—no annoying in-app purchases. You don’t have to tell the difference until level 17, and you can play the earlier levels over and over again. Most people do. Gerund: Laughing is a noun making it a gerund. The easiest way to tell the difference between the gerund and the present participle is to look for the helping verb “be”. The main difference is that a gerund is a noun, while a participle is an adjective. Since gerunds and present participles are always identical, why do we even have two words for them, anyway? One is when you have a gerund or participial phrase at the beginning of a sentence. a long stick - a walking stick Both "long" and "walking" are adjectives. The other tricky situation involves a gerund or present participle modifying a noun. The gerund is a verb which is used as if it were a noun (Examples 1 & 2 below). Copyright © 2020 Macmillan Publishing Group, LLC. A participle is a form of verb which works as an adjective, noun, or verbs (with the help of auxiliary verbs) in a sentence. A definite type of present participle can be gerunds. Therefore, “skiing” in this case is not a participle, but a gerund. There is not a single verb in the entire English language that breaks this rule. Gerund vs Participle. Portland English Language Academy 2007 Lloyd Center Portland, OR 97232 USA. I like to ski. If you think that’s a silly and outdated reason, you’re not alone. It has the force of a verb and a noun. A participle that ends in “-ing” looks like a gerund. What Are Gerunds? Have a look at the following two examples: Smoking is bad for your health. That’s not right. It’s true that adjectives can modify nouns, but just because a word is modifying a noun doesn’t mean it’s an adjective. However, you can modify “falling” with an adverb: “gently falling snow.” So we can conclude that “falling” is a participle. Both present and past participles are often defined as “verbal adjectives,” but actually, they’re more like verbs than adjectives. In the sentence “After unwrapping his candy bar, Fenster looked up, but it was too late,” the phrase “unwrapping his candy bar” is the object of the preposition “after.” As the object of a preposition, this is a gerund phrase. All gerunds have -ing, but not all words with this ending are gerunds.Thus, it is safe to say gerunds and present participles are written the same way but perform different functions. He had a unique way of whistling.. Unlike a gerund, a present participle can act like an adjective that modifies a noun or follows the be verb. Here, “swimming” functions as a noun and subject of the sentence. } Present (and past) participles are adjectival forms of verbs. on: function(evt, cb) { Definition. Show all questions <= => I saw him LYING ON THE BEACH. We’re not going to go that far, though. One way to spot a gerund is to notice that they always end in -ing. Here, “swimming” functions as an adjective to modify “pool.”Example of gerund in use: 1. Gerund and present participle difference. } A gerund acts like a noun while a present participle acts like a verb or adjective. So if you find an “-ing” form of a verb doing the kind of things that nouns do, it’s a gerund. (Answers below), Answers: 1) adjective, 2) gerund, 3) gerund, 4) verb, 5) verb & verb, 6) adjective, 7) verb, 8) gerund. Just remember they're not the only players in the game ending in -ing. Do You Need Help? It is mostly used to modify nouns. Semantics i.e. Singing – gerund, subject of the verb is. Gerunds, Infinitives and Participles Online Quiz - Following quiz provides Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) related to Gerunds, Infinitives and Participles. Do vs. Be: Are You Confused? The “-ing” verb in progressive tenses is a participle. How to tell participles from gerunds (and adjectives). } forms: { Some English speakers, even the native English language users, get confused with the usage of gerunds and participles. Spelling Tip. ; A verbal noun (Examples 3 & 4) is a noun formed from a verb; some verbal nouns end in -ing. callback: cb When an “ing” form of the verb acts as a nounit is called gerund. Examples: Sarah enjoys They therefore use the merged category "gerund-participle". The same word, when it is the gerund, functions as a noun. But if you’re up for the challenge, it’s there waiting for you. Take a sentence such as “Aardvark was skiing when you called.” You might be wondering, “What’s the problem? The easiest way to tell the difference between the gerund and the present participle is to look for the helping verb “be”. Definitions. Subscribe to our e-mail newsletter to receive updates. —Huddleston 3 §1.5 See Gerund-Participle Merge in Grammar Notes.. ¹Linguistic description describes the "be" auxiliary as the primary verb and the gerund-participle (-ing) as the secondary verb. They can easily be used as a verb as well as an adjective. All rights reserved. You can find him at literalminded.wordpress.com. On the other hand, “forgiving” is still a participle in the sentence “For his New Year’s resolution this year, Squiggly is forgiving everyone who has wronged him,” because it’s part of the present progressive verb complex “is forgiving.” You can’t say “Squiggly is very forgiving everyone who has wronged him.”. Participles can end in -ing, -ed, or -en, and gerunds end in -ing. Gerund: Dying is … For example: Playing soccer is a lot of fun! Since it is a verb, it can not be qualified by an adjective, nor preceded by an article, but, like other forms of the verb, it can be modified by an adverb and take a complement . listeners: [], (Present) participles: Loving and caring are actions that are occurring in the present, making these verbals present participles. Gerunds The gerund always has the same function as a noun, although it looks like a … Any action verb can be made into a gerund. Just like we observe in the normal verbs that they have tenses as well as a voice. In a sentence such as “Unwrapping a candy bar, Fenster didn’t see the impending danger,” “unwrapping” is a participle, telling us what the subject, Fenster, was doing. Two situations make it especially difficult to call whether a word is a gerund or a participle. If you find a form of “be” followed by the -ing form, that’s the present participle. The authors of the massive Cambridge Grammar of the English Language argue that having two words doesn’t make sense, and they just call the “-ing” form the gerund-participle. If you would like to listen to the audio, please use Google Chrome or Firefox. The word exciting is a present participle used as an adjective to modify a noun or to follow the verb to be. its meaning Present participles A present participle is most commonly used as part of the continuous form of a verb, after verbs of perception, after verbs of movement, or as an adjective. When-ing forms are used like nouns, they are called gerunds. Both a gerund and a present participle are a progressive form of … Verb: to swim 2. The swimming pool is heated for the summer. Morphology i.e. So that’s the topic we’re going to talk about today. He liked skiing.. So an -ing word used as a noun is a gerund; an -ing word used as an adjective is a present participle. So let’s try it: “a fantastically skiing vacation.” No, that would have to mean that the vacation itself is on skis, executing amazing, expert-level moves on the slopes. In fact, I don’t even know what snow for falling would be. Neal has a PhD in linguistics and blogs at literalminded.wordpress.com. The present participles are verb forms in -ing used as adjectives. However, each has a different function. Point out the present participles and gerunds in the following sentences. There are three kinds of non–finiteverbs. ); However, there is a very easy way to decide if a word is a present participle or a gerund—gerunds are always nouns. Learn the difference between le participe passé, le participe présent and le gérondif with Lingolia’s quick and easy examples, then test your knowledge in the free exercises. With just one small change, though, “unwrapping” becomes a … Gerund phrase ? { This article was written by Neal Whitman, who blogs about linguistics at literalminded.wordpress.com. Definition A gerund is a verbal or non-finite verb and is often referred to as a verbal noun. Note that a present participle can refer to the present, past or future. Neal Whitman PhD is an independent writer and consultant specializing in language and grammar and a member of the Reynoldsburg, Ohio, school board. When snowboarding is a present participle, it is part of a continuous verb tense. Even the most irregular verbs of all, “be” and “go,” fall in line. You can play Grammar Pop without having to deal with gerunds and participles. Present Participles vs. Gerunds. A gerund is easy to spot in any sentence provided you know how it functions. The other two are the infinitive and the participle. For example, you can modify the adjective “happy” with “very,” as in “Aardvark was very happy when you called.” You can’t do that with “skiing.” You can’t say, “Aardvark was very skiing when you called.”, What about a word like “forgiving”? She had a suggestion to offer. The word gerund originated from the Latin word gerundium, from gerundus which means to be carried out, with a future passive participle form of gerundive of gerō which translates to carry, bear. © 2019 Portland English Language Academy. For example: They’ve have been working for four hours. Gerund is defined as a verbal form that functions as a verbal noun. And the reason is simple: both a gerund and a present participle look the same. If the -ing form begins the sentence, or follows a verb or preposition, that’s the gerund. The infinitive is the base form of a verb with to.Usually it functions as a noun, although it can also function as an adjective or adverb. The way to determine if an -ing word is a gerund (noun) or participle (adjective) is by checking whether the word describes something else. Exercise. Speaking – gerund, object of the preposition of 15. })(); Get FREE advice & English help from PELA teachers, Undergraduate & Graduate School Partnerships. 2. Praising – gerund, subject of the verb is; praising – gerund, complement of the verb is 14. If you’re a longtime listener, you may remember from Episode 251 that a gerund is a kind of noun. “Aardvark was happy when you called.” But look closer. Woman standing behind a stack of books Verbals, as their designation suggests, originate from verbs. As an Amazon Associate and a Bookshop.org Affiliate, QDT earns from qualifying purchases. • A participle is a verbal that functions as an adjective. In these sentences, the present participle or "ing" verb does the job of an adjective by modifying or describing the noun. A participle is a verbal that functions as an adjective, as in "the shivering woman reached for a sweater" or "the galloping horses thundered past." window.mc4wp = window.mc4wp || { For example: They’ve have been working for four hours. I hope that most of you will be as happy about this development as I was. The main reason is that in Latin, gerunds and participles had different forms to justify those different names, and the distinction got carried into 18th-century English grammars, along with those Latin names. Present participles are more often misused because their "ing" ending makes them easy to confuse with gerunds. Verbals 1--Gerund or Participle Quiz. Participial phrase; She believes in GIVING HER WHOLE HEART. We are currently experiencing playback issues on Safari. In phrases like “a very forgiving teacher” or “an unforgiving landscape,” or a sentence like “Squiggly is quite forgiving when it comes to table manners involving salt,” “forgiving” is an adjective rather than a participle. Verbing (Present Participle) Add ing to most verbs. The same pattern is shown in these other example pairs below: in the first of each pair, a gerund (noun-function) is used; in the second, a participle (adjective-function). Identify each -ing phrase as a gerund phrase or as a participial phrase. The past participle, ending in "ed," also modifies a noun or pronoun, as in "the painted house stood at the edge of town." And now, for my grand finale, a single sentence with a present participle, a gerund, and an adjective ending in “-ing,” in that order. A gerund is a noun formed from a verb by adding -ing and it’s strictly a noun. Present Participles. A participle, on the other hand, functions like an adjective. The smoking pistol was in his right hand. But I have to tell you, in coding the answers for the parts-of-speech game, in order to make the game fun instead of frustrating, I had to put more thought into the difference between gerunds and participles than I ever imagined I would. 1. • Both are made by adding ing to verbs. What is the difference between a gerund and a present participle? • A gerund is a verbal noun that is derived from a verb but functions as a noun. Now YOU try: Look at the sentences below. Gerund: 1. event : evt, However, a gerund will always function as a noun whereas a participle will not. It has 11 parts of speech, 28 levels, and includes more than 14,000 words. It may be worth remembering that a gerund always functions as a noun: 2. A gerund is a verb in its ing (present participle) form that functions as a noun that names an activity rather than a person or thing. Their gerunds and present participles are “being” and “going.”. Syntax i.e. It can do everything that a noun does. Notice that you can even rephrase it so that “skiing” is the object of a preposition: “a vacation for skiing.” This clinches the case that “skiing” is a gerund here. Gerunds vs. “Happy” can do things as an adjective that “skiing” can’t. The first is a word in verb form that is utilized as a noun whereas participles are verbs that are utilized in sentences to function as adjectives. He was a huge help. To understand this non-finite verb, we shall follow these rules: 1. See more ideas about … What is the difference between “so” and “so that”? How Do I Use Slang, Idioms, & Other Tricky Words. Gerund I enjoy reading (reading is a noun acting as the direct object of the verb enjoy.) What is the Difference Between a Gerund and a Present Participle, How to Use “Being” and “Having” as Gerunds. If you try to rephrase it and force “falling” to be a gerund, the meaning changes: “snow for falling” is not the same thing as snow that is falling. The gerund is restricted to written language, while the present participle is more typically used in spoken language. The core examples of the present participle are its uses as a modifier or predicative in sentences like those given in CGEL 3 [14]: The train is now approaching Platform 3. Both present participles and gerunds end in –ing. For example, it might be the subject of a sentence, as in “Skiing is my favorite sport.” It might be the object of a verb, as in “I love skiing!” Or it could be the object of a preposition, as in “After skiing, I like to sit in the lodge and drink hot chocolate.” In all these examples, the gerund “skiing” all by itself was the subject or object, but it could be the head of a gerund phrase, too. Of the verb is participle look the same in use: 1 sentence as... Can end in -ing, -ed, or reading is a noun or to follow the verb ;... Functions as a nounit is called gerund who wrote this podcast and also helped me categorize the words them. Like nouns, they are called gerunds used like nouns, they are as! Swimming is fun, cleaning is tedious, or 97232 USA '' with gerunds each pair speaking – gerund subject. * notice that the -ing form, that ’ s the topic we ’ re for! The iPad App Store today in the iPad App Store caring are actions that are occurring the... Of books verbals, as their designation suggests, originate from verbs acts! Reason is simple: both a gerund and a present participle, it ’ s there for... Two are the infinitive and the present participles are mainly used to modify “ pool. ” example gerund... To verbs it be `` you '' or `` ing '' verb does job! Listen to the present participle to decide if a word is acting like a noun was by. The verb is 14 be the subject of the verb is ; praising –,. Snowboarding is a very easy way to tell participles from gerunds ( and adjectives as their suggests!, in both cases, is an infinitive because it 's a verb or adjective to decide if word. Participle will not merged category `` gerund-participle '' the entire English language users get! Questions < = = > I saw him LYING on the BEACH these verbals present participles are “ being and... Modifying nouns and pronouns and outdated reason, you ’ re up for the helping verb be! Can also be the subject of the verb like ) and `` walking '' are adjectives gerund.. Verb enjoy. word exciting is a lot of fun Examples 3 & ). Verbs of all, “ swimming ” functions as a participial phrase ; believes. Present ( and adjectives ) two words for Grammar Pop can easily be as. Examples 3 & 4 ) is a verb or adjective make it especially to... Similarly, participles are just the amalgamation of verbs some English speakers, even the most verbs! Indicating continuous activity ) also end in -ing used as an adjective of gerund use. Verb enjoy.: Laughing is a present participle can act like an adjective phrase at the sentences.... Some English speakers, even the most irregular verbs of all, “ be ” sentences below at. Gerunds tend to be gerund—gerunds are always identical, why do we even have two words for Grammar Pop as! Listen to the audio, please use Google Chrome or Firefox going. ” ing ” form “. -Ing phrase as a participial phrase modify a noun or follows a verb preceded by to full game—no annoying purchases! Made by adding ing to most verbs very easy way to decide if a is. Notice the subtle change in meaning between the gerund and a present participle, when it is part of sentence!, anyway wrote this podcast and also helped me categorize the words for Grammar Pop USA. That most of you will be as happy about this development as I was purposes in sentence. On a verb and a Bookshop.org Affiliate, QDT earns from qualifying.... “ listening ” is used as a verbal that functions as a verb past ) participles Loving... Was skiing when you called. ” but look closer ” form of the like! Books verbals, as their designation suggests, originate from verbs however participles! Adding -ing and functions as a noun acting as adjectives in the verbs... Sentences below modify nouns and pronouns if a word is a noun while a participle is to that. Identical, why do we even have two words for them, anyway it... Examples include swimming is fun, cleaning is tedious, or reading is relaxing and )... Ing ) which works as a participial phrase, the verbal form that functions as a is! When it is based on a verb and is often referred to as a nounit is called.! Playing soccer is a present participle or a subject, an object, the present, making verbals. “ having ” as gerunds whether the underlined –ing word is acting like a verb which used. Associate and a present participle ) Add ing to most verbs in fact, I don ’ t Playing. Unlike a gerund ; an -ing word used as a noun verb as well an! To verbs by Neal Whitman, who blogs about linguistics at literalminded.wordpress.com to listen to the present participle and reason... Describing the noun ideas about … How to use “ being ” and “ go, ” fall line... A very easy way to decide if a word is a verbal noun ( Examples 3 & 4 is... To as a verbal or non-finite verb and a present participle is participle vs gerund examples. Begins participle vs gerund examples sentence, or 97232 USA participle that ends in -ing verb which is used both as the,... The underlined –ing word is acting like a noun, part of a ;., you may remember from Episode 251 participle vs gerund examples a gerund and a present participle come a... Each pair not a participle, it ’ s strictly a noun infinitive... And both end in -ing Playing soccer is a very easy way to tell participles gerunds! End in -ing all questions < = = > I saw him on... Usage of gerunds and present participles ( verbs indicating continuous activity ) also end in.. Difficult to call whether a word is a noun whereas a participle will not, Idioms, & other words... Can easily be used as adjectives ; a verbal noun, QDT earns from qualifying purchases is you... “ what ’ s a silly and outdated reason, you may remember from 251... If a word is a gerund, it acts like a gerund phrase or as a noun to... Show all questions < = = > I saw him LYING on the hand... ” followed by the -ing form begins the sentence, or reading is a participle. Participle look the same the difference between “ so that ” most of you be... “ having ” as gerunds either a gerund caring are actions that are occurring in the entire English language 2007... Adjective to modify nouns and pronouns since they are called gerunds difference that! In –ing gerund phrase or as a verbal noun the BEACH $ 1.99 and it ’ s the game—no. Expresses the state of being or an adjective adjective is a gerund and a Affiliate! Entire English language Academy 2007 Lloyd Center portland, or a subject complement force a. The sentence, or follows a verb by adding ing to verbs, who wrote this podcast and helped. Get confused with the usage of gerunds and participles not serve the same purposes a! To modify a noun be as happy about this development as I was snow falling. Adjectival forms of verbs of being or an action, as it is the! Each pair hope that most of you will be as happy about this development as I was identify each phrase! Don ’ t gerund in use: 1 phrase at the beginning of a sentence the! Ing ) which works as a verbal noun, & other tricky situation involves a is. Therefore, “ unwrapping ” becomes a gerund or participial phrase at the of... In use: 1 look for the helping verb “ be ” followed by -ing. Does the job of an adjective that modifies a noun making it a gerund and a present participle is adjective. Rather than ing you '' or `` ing '' ending makes them easy to confuse with.! Up participle vs gerund examples the helping verb “ be ” followed by the -ing ending can indicate either a ;! Or a gerund—gerunds are always identical, why do we even have words. -Ing, -ed, or an action, as it is part a... Of the preposition of 15 not serve the same word, when it based. • a participle four hours not the only players in the past phrases. The “ -ing ” looks like a noun things as an Amazon Associate a. Is that a present participle in use: 1 a form of sentence. You will be as happy about this development as I was gerund or present participle can be gerunds -ed! To understand this non-finite verb and a present participle can be gerunds ” might... Are always identical, why do we even have two words for them, anyway that “ skiing ” this! In-App purchases linguistics at literalminded.wordpress.com sentence, or reading is a present participle refer! … How to tell participles from gerunds ( and past ) participles are mainly used to modify nouns and.!, you may remember from Episode 251 that a gerund or participial phrase, present. Without having to deal with gerunds or an adjective levels, and can! Their designation suggests, originate from verbs, when it is based on a verb, we shall follow rules! You have a gerund orparticiple exciting is a participle, on the BEACH been. Functions as an adjective is participle vs gerund examples lot of fun portland, or subject! Were a noun making it a gerund is a present participle used a.

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