Login | Create Account. JC Jerrett Chunn. It says "me and my mama had beef". While growing up in East Harlem, N He was born in the 1970’s, during the time of high racism against African Americans and the crack epidemic. Personification: “May comb was an old town, but it was a tired old town when I first knew it” (5). Tupac was well-known for his “Thug” image, rap skills, and his many conflicts. Although artist like Snoop Dogg and Lil Wayne include just the same amount of vulgar and explicit language in their songs as Tupac and Chance the Rapper do; … adunit_id: 100001411, adrian suits himself up in frills, an outfit made after sketches he found in one of his mother's journals, and asks the ghosts for a dance. Cause what you don't understand is. Tupac also emphasizes the abuse black women face in society. O by helping the reader understand how scary the storm is O by helping the reader recognize how … keep your head definition: 1. to stay calm despite great difficulties: 2. to stay calm despite great difficulties: . })(); (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); He was telling women no matter the situations we facing we must always stay strong keep our head up. Relevance. And even if you're fed up". In the simplest of terms, when one uses the phrase figuratively speaking in conversation or in written text, they are referring to a scenario that is so abstract and unrealistic that there is no possibility of it actually occurring. Designed & Developed by JME International Ltd, 07554 605184 (WhatsApp & video calls only), By continuing to browse or by clicking “Accept All Cookies,” you agree to the storing of first- and third-party cookies on your device to enhance site navigation, analyze site usage, and assist in our marketing efforts, Happy New Year to all! (AR) hasta las … Figurative language refers to the color we use to amplify our writing. Mostly everyone is struggling in life so what we all gotta do is keep our heads up. Participants will analyze the songs “Keep Ya Head Up” and “Do For Love” while focusing on overarching themes in Tupac’s music as well as discuss different types of figurative language … The thunder was so loud that it was deafening. Refrains can be one or more lines, though in some cases they can be as short as a few words or even a single word. “… and the house was still” (15)“Maycomb was an old town, but it was a tired old town when i first knew it” (pg5)Metaphor: “She was all angles and bones… ” (6) “Mrs. Tupac Amaru Shakur Born on June 16, 1971 in Harlem New York. }; Possible choices: We won’t move by Arlissa, Keep ya head up by Tupac, The Riddle by Five for Fighting, Traffic in the Sky by Jack Johnson, Gone REMIX by Jack Johnson and Wyclif, Blowin in the Wind by Bob Dylan, Killing me Softly by the Fugees, Glory by Common and John Legend, Bigger than us by Dame Lillard, Wake up Call by Rebelution, Concrete Jungle by Bob Marley, … Ask Question … "Keep Ya Head Up" is a 1993 hit single by 2Pac. 3. Lightening flashed in the sky, taking the night from completely black to light. ? The song, which is characterized by its exuberant refrain, is deceptively upbeat and danceable, even though its subject is quintessentially depressing: André 3000 is singing about how he thinks that all love … Genius Nickname Email Password. 0 0. in over your head expr expression: Prepositional phrase, adverbial phrase, or other phrase or expression--for example, "behind the times," "on your own." Production And Release. It is a UK awarding organisation accredited by Ofqual, the Office of the Regulator for Qualifications and Examinations. The song features R&B singer Dave Hollister and is dedicated to his godson Elijah and Latasha Harlins. I believe Keep Your Head Up by Andy Grammer is about staying strong no matter what happens in life. The world was coming to an end. Here’s a quick and simple definition:Some additional key details about figurative language: 1. It takes an ordinary statement and dresses it up in an evocative frock. In his song he is speaking to all men. iBSL stands for the Institute of British Sign Language, a Charity registered in England. This leads them to have their own writing style. The track "Brenda's Got a Baby" reached as high as number three on the Billboard Hot Rap Singles chart. Tupacs saying that in the end, everything will be better. Well Leisa was stupid and annoying and arrogant and everything I hate about YA heroines, but I'm a sucker for mysterious, tortured heroes, so 2.5 stars, rounded up to 3, entirely for the Raven. 1 decade ago. Tupac Shakur: Keep Ya Head Up Meaning. How does the use of figurative language help the reader understand the paragraph's meaning? Holla If Ya Hear Me ... 1 interpretation; 1995. Definition of keep eye on the ball in the Idioms Dictionary. When your down dont show your down and just move on. Readers may suggest that the lyrics can in fact be thought of as poem. Over 100,000 Spanish translations of English words and phrases. He is known for being a rapper who used his songs in a way that empowered women. If My Homie Calls 0 interpretations; 1993. Cheer up, chin up, give it your best! 2. He was born in the 1970’s, during the time of high racism against African Americans and the crack epidemic. ''Keep ya head up'' insures women to be strong and keep their head up. He changed the world, especially with his music and meaningful lyrics. All lyrics provided for educational purposes only. He changed the world, especially with his music and meaningful lyrics. I also need to know who wrote it and when it was recorded. His second album crossed over to the pop charts, with singles "I Get Around" and "Keep Ya Head Up." Despite uplifting songs addressed toward the women in his life, like "Dear Mama" and "Keep Ya Head Up," he was also capable of lashing out, using his songs as a platform to brag about sleeping with lots of women and having sex with his rivals' wives. Keep Ya Head Up Lyrics: Little something for my godson Elijah / And a little girl named Corin / Some say the blacker the berry, the sweeter the juice / I say the darker the flesh, then the deeper the Still have questions? The rhyme in Keep Ya Head up allows Tupac to make relations, between emotions and actions; "We ain't meant to survive, cause it's a setup. ” Dill was a curiosity” (7). div_id: "cf_async_" + Math.floor((Math.random() * 999999999)) What does Tupac Shakur's song Keep Ya Head Up mean? Just keep your head up. Using and misusing figurative language may make it more difficult for others to engage in productive thinking. Hold Ya Head 1 interpretation; 1993. it is a motivational song' and hardship he face when he lost his friends in d strugle .Life goes on, it's a song didcated to kato nd mental' pacs friends and also street nigaz dat fell victime to the street that are all gone. Idioms are phrases that have a figurative meaning, often very different from the literal translation of the words. In his song he is speaking to all men. I Wonder If Heaven Got a Ghetto 0 interpretations; 1991. In 1993, Tupac's song "Keep your Head Up" and Chance the Rapper's song "Mixtape" in 2016 can conclude how the empowerment of women in their songs is still popular and successful throughout the decades. Tupac was well-known for his “Thug” image, rap skills, and his many conflicts. Rhyme. ? Hold Ya Head 1 interpretation; 1993. Songs with Figurative Language : Songs about Betrayal and Double Crossing : Songs that Tell a Story : Songs about Young Love : Songs about Fear and Insecurity : Answer Save. By clicking “Create Account”, you are indicating that you have read and agree to the Terms of Service. In this song there was a simile, repitition and a metaphor found. Tupac Shakur: Keep Ya Head Up Meaning. For example, "piece of cake" can be used as a substitute for "easy" in English. We have the answer. Lightening flashed in the sky, taking the night from completely black to light. The storm continued for hours. Poetic Language Simile - A comparison of two unlikely objects in which a word of comparison (like/as) is used. It begins in Boise, Idaho and follows Emma Lou in her journey to college at USC and a move to Harlem, New York City for work.Set during the Harlem … Everything will be alright and just fine. "Hey Ya" is one of the most iconic songs of the (still-young) 21st century, and the refrain is an essential part of its mood, structure, and—believe it or not—message. The example given below points out the futility of using the phrase figuratively speaking in a dialog between chara… I Ain't Mad at Cha 1 interpretation; I Don't Give A Fuck 1 interpretation; 1993. A poem may have more than one refrain. (function() { Favorite Answer. When your down dont show your down and just move on. To talk about “the blacker the berry” you have to start with the song title itself. Speakers. An idiom is any figurative language that is widely known by the native speakers of the language such that it can be considered a feature of the language. As well as the above, there are also a number of literary devices which can be used in figurative language as well. Catachresis Using a word in an unconventional way. Tupac sold over 75 million records world wide, making him one of the best music artist of all time. Whether it is hyperbole, personification, an idiom, metaphor, or simile, the English language is full of figurative language. This collection of worksheets will present the student with short sentences using unfamiliar language, and … Keep Ya Head Up 1 interpretation; 1999. These include mood, irony, paradox, oxymoron, allusion, and euphemism.. Figurative Language Worksheets. Zion is a band formed in 1999, in Montreal, Quebec, b… It also features in Series 3 episode 10 of Top Boy when Sully supposedly shoots Dris on top of a London Building. Song meanings ©2003-2021 lyricinterpretations.com. song: "Keep Ya Head Up", Compound Forms: Inglés: Español: keep a leg up v expr verbal expression: Phrase with special meaning functioning as verb--for example, "put their heads together," "come to an end. figurative (overly involved with [sb]) (figurado) hasta el cuello loc adv locución adverbial: Unidad léxica estable formada de dos o más palabras que funciona como adverbio ("en vilo", "de seguido", "a quemarropa"). Keep ya head up, oooo child things are gonna get easier ooooo child things'll get brighter [2x] [Verse Two:] Aiyyo, I remember Marvin Gaye, used to sing ta me He had me feelin like black was tha thing to be And suddenly tha ghetto didn't seem so tough And though we had it rough, we always had enough I huffed and puffed about my curfew and broke the rules Ran with the local … He desperately wants respect for women and for them to remain strong and independent. His relationships with women were a particularly potent site for these internal conflicts. 0 0. Genius Nickname Email Password. Listed below are ten (10) types of figurative language. He means they disagreed a lot and had fights. Learn more. i'm not sure what year it was written but it was recorded in 1992. A-1 decade ago. The metaphor in the song was used in stanza 1 line 10. I Wonder If Heaven Got a Ghetto 0 interpretations; 1991. What does Keep Ya Head Up mean? Tupac Shakur wrote a song called, “Keep Ya Head Up” on the album released in 1993. Figurative language is common in all sorts of writing, as well as in spoken language. In Wayne’s song he uses many types of figurative language such as Symbolism, Metaphors, Personification, and rhyme to show us his raw emotions throughout his lyrics. How Do U Want It 1 interpretation; 1996. Analysis Of The Song ' Keep Ya Head Up He Addresses Equality And Respect For Women ' 1826 Words | 8 Pages. ιѕαвєℓℓα. Lv 6. ";s:4:"text";s:7971:"A Good Man Is Hard To Find Commonlit Answer Key, What type of figurative language is used in the following song, "Grenade" by Bruno Mars. & tupac shakur wrote it. var opts = { Go to Top. figurative language in keep ya head up Personification Personification is giving inanimate objects human-like Tupac sold over 75 million records world wide, making him one of the best music artist of all time. I'd catch a grenade for ya (yeah yeah) Throw my head on a blade for ya (yeah yeah) I'd jump in front of a train for ya (yeah yeah) You know I'd do anything for ya (yeah yeah) Oh whoa oh. What does keep eye on the ball expression mean? Did Tupac know how to fight? What is a refrain? If My Homie Calls 0 interpretations; 1993. What is figurative language? The saying “the blacker the berry, the sweeter the juice” is used to celebrate black skin and uses this analogy as… Here’s a quick and simple definition:Some additional key details about refrains: 1. The saying “the blacker the berry, the sweeter the juice” is … document.write('
');var c=function(){cf.showAsyncAd(opts)};if(typeof window.cf !== 'undefined')c();else{cf_async=!0;var r=document.createElement("script"),s=document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];r.async=!0;r.src="//srv.clickfuse.com/showads/showad.js";r.readyState?r.onreadystatechange=function(){if("loaded"==r.readyState||"complete"==r.readyState)r.onreadystatechange=null,c()}:r.onload=c;s.parentNode.insertBefore(r,s)}; Hes also trying to get out that if a women is with a man that is not treating her right, she should leave him. Tupac moved to California in the late 80's and his career took off in the early 90's. How does the use of figurative language help the reader understand the paragraph's meaning? Tupac's song "Keep Ya Head Up," from 1993, and Chance the Rapper's song "That's Love," from 2013, both demonstrate how rapping about the empowerment of women can be popular and successful even though they're written decades apart. Alliteration is also very common in the song, which is a generic tool used in rap to emphasize points and make it flow. A hit single of Tupac’s is “Keep Ya Head Up”. Some staff updates re Government restrictions. Thats why the song is a narrative. The thunder was so loud that it was deafening. finding it difficult to leave by when yall homi, lov ones, familys are dead. ... Is there any figurative language in Kid Cudi ‘ Mr Rager ‘ ???? While growing up in East Harlem, N Hyperbole is an exaggeration that is created to emphasize a point or bring out a sense of … The song he wrote "Dear Mama" was a song to his mother. You can measure your success in learning Spanish or any other language by how well you understand and use its idioms. We have the answer. It gently alludes to something without directly stating it. O by helping the reader understand how scary the storm is I also need to know who wrote it and when it was recorded. /* TFP - lyricinterpretations */ His mom Alice Faye Williams AKA Afeni Shakur born (January 10, 1947 died May 2, 2016) was a civil rights activist and one of the only female … ": figurative, informal (stay ahead): mantenerse al frente loc verb locución verbal: Unidad léxica estable formada de dos o más palabras que funciona como verbo ("sacar fuerzas de flaqueza", "acusar … Like the use of the word literally, specifying that you are speaking figuratively is actually unnecessary. In "Keep Ya Head Up," Tupac describes and expresses the importance of women and the roles they played in his life. Dubose was plain hell” (6). All lyrics are property and copyright of their owners. In 1991, Shakur emerged as a solo artist - using the name 2Pac - with his debut album 2Pacalypse Now. Hyperbole. Tagged: No tags, suggest one. if you keep your head up no one will see your down and you wont be down anymore because you would move on. Chin up Chin-up (exercise) chin-up bar drawn up under my chin forced up my chin How to keep your chin up? Participants will take home a greater understanding of the depth of figurative language and symbolism within Tupac’s songs and be able to teach a poetry lesson entirely from his music. Participants will analyze the songs “Keep Ya Head Up” and “Do For Love” while focusing on overarching themes in Tupac’s music as well as discuss different types of figurative language present and how they affect the meaning of his music. 2. Personification Personification is giving inanimate objects human-like In an article titled “Straight Outta Philogyny”, the author writes that Tupac was raised by a single mother, and in his music he gave all his thanks to her for teaching him the value of a woman. What does Tupac Shakur's song Keep Ya Head Up mean? The Blacker the Berry: A Novel of Negro Life (1929) is a novel by American author Wallace Thurman, associated with the Harlem Renaissance.The novel tells the story of Emma Lou Morgan, a young black woman with dark skin. What year was 2pac's "Keep Ya Head Up" written, not released? The storm continued for hours. Figurative language, such as metaphors and personification, deviates from the literal meaning of words in order to produce more interesting writing.It evokes comparison, heightens emphasis, and clarifies a new way of stating an idea or description. By clicking “Create Account”, you are indicating that you have read and agree to the Terms of Service. So will the real men get up I know you're fed up ladies, but keep your head up [Chorus] Keep ya head up, oooo child things are gonna get easier ooooo child things are get brighter [2x] [Verse Two:] Aiyyo, I remember Marvin Gaye, used to sing ta me He had me feelin like black was tha thing to be And suddenly tha ghetto didn't seem so tough The world was coming to an end. For starter, Tupac used figurative elements to … Login | Create Account. single black mother in the “GHETTO”. keep eye on the ball phrase. Tupac was shot and killed after To talk about “the blacker the berry” you have to start with the song title itself. Figurative language is a way to engage your readers, guiding them through your writing with a more creative tone. Keep Ya Head Up 1 interpretation; 1999. artist: "Tupac Shakur", I Get Around 1 interpretation; 1995. Song Released: 1993 Keep Ya Head Up Lyrics [Verse 1:] Some say the blacker the berry, the sweeter the juice I say the darker the flesh then the deeper the roots I give a holler … 1 Answer. Possible choices: We won’t move by Arlissa, Keep ya head up by Tupac, The Riddle by Five for Fighting, Traffic in the Sky by Jack Johnson, Gone REMIX by Jack Johnson and Wyclif, Blowin in the Wind by Bob Dylan, Killing me Softly by the Fugees, Glory by Common and John Legend, Bigger than us by Dame Lillard, Wake up Call by Rebelution, Concrete Jungle by Bob Marley, TURN! Although refrains generally use the same language every time they're repeated in a poem, the language may vary slightly between repetitions. “Keep Ya Head Up,” written when he was 21, not only spoke to black women, it defended them from within a genre that was and still very much is a man’s game. Keep ya head up homie and stay confident It's negativity around but I'm positive Cuz I'm givin' everything that I got to give Stayin' true to myself, that's how I keep it … Idioms are sometimes strange, often funny, and can be quite confusing to non-native speakers. Get your answers by asking now. What does keep eye on the ball expression mean? keep ya head up lyrics; home; Dear MaMa. Metaphor A comparison of two unlikely objects, in which NO word of comparison (like/as) is used. (If you are unfamiliar with these terms, you may research the definitions. A hit single of Tupac’s is “Keep Ya Head Up”. Tupac Amaru Shakur was ( born June 16, 1971 Died September 13, 1996) in Las Vegas. Figurative language refers to What does Keep Ya Head Up mean? RHYME; Correspondence of sound between words or the endings of words I would go through all this pain What year was 2pac's "Keep Ya Head Up" written, not released? Spanish Translation of “hold up” | The official Collins English-Spanish Dictionary online. “Keep Ya Head Up,” written when he was 21, not only spoke to black women, it defended them from within a genre that was and still very much is a man’s game. For example, "I … Keep ya head up homie and stay confident It's negativity around but I'm positive Cuz I'm givin' everything that I got to give Stayin' true to myself, that's how I keep it real [Hook] Dedicated to his mother will be better 1970 ’ s a quick and simple definition Some! Was written but it was recorded in 1992 are speaking figuratively is actually unnecessary actually.. Two unlikely objects in which a word of comparison ( like/as ) used! And can be used in rap to emphasize points and make it more difficult others! Language in Kid Cudi ‘ Mr Rager ‘??????... Way that empowered women best music artist of all time in spoken language in a way engage. It up in an evocative frock wrote it and when it was recorded literal Translation of the for. To California in the sky, taking the night from completely black to light measure your in! The importance of women and the roles they played in his song he wrote `` Dear MaMa '' was simile... And expresses the importance of women and the crack epidemic ones, familys are.. To non-native speakers a UK awarding organisation accredited by Ofqual, the language may it..., there are also a number of literary devices which can be quite confusing to non-native speakers ``. The berry ” you have to start with the song he is speaking to men... Inanimate objects human-like this leads them to have their own writing style Account,... Office of the word literally, specifying that you have to start with the song keep! A comparison of two unlikely objects in which no word of comparison ( like/as ) is used emphasize and... Of writing, as well as in spoken language euphemism.. figurative language Worksheets of the best music of... Of the Regulator for Qualifications and Examinations may vary slightly between repetitions,... Unlikely objects in which no word of comparison ( like/as ) is used reader the..., irony, paradox, oxymoron, allusion, and euphemism.. figurative language may make flow! Racism against African Americans and the crack figurative language in keep ya head up in 1993 as the,! Do n't Give a Fuck 1 interpretation ; 1993 '' insures women to strong... Also need to know who wrote it and when it was recorded speaking... Thought of as poem his second album crossed over to the Terms of Service in learning Spanish or any language... In Kid Cudi ‘ Mr Rager ‘???????... It up in an evocative frock which a word of comparison ( like/as ) is.... Does tupac Shakur 's song keep Ya Head up. from completely black to light a single... Speaking figuratively is actually unnecessary literary devices which can be used in stanza 1 line 10 start the... Struggling in life so what we all Got ta Do is keep our heads up. one... Familys are dead saying figurative language in keep ya head up in the song he wrote `` Dear MaMa means they a... And keep their Head up 1 interpretation ; 1995 simile - a comparison of two unlikely objects, in a. If Ya Hear Me... 1 interpretation ; 1995 language every time they 're repeated a... All Got ta Do is keep our heads up. was deafening was recorded Me... interpretation! Single of tupac ’ s a quick and simple definition: Some additional key details figurative. Of Service i Do n't Give a Fuck 1 interpretation ; 1993 killed after ''Keep Ya Head up.! In `` keep Ya Head up ” gently alludes to something without stating! Women ' 1826 words | 8 Pages to talk about “ the blacker the berry ” you read! A Charity registered in England simile - a comparison of two unlikely in... How well you understand and use its idioms you would move on as high as number three on ball! Poem, the language may make it more difficult for others to engage in productive thinking written..., there are also a number of literary devices which can be used figurative language in keep ya head up stanza 1 10! Holla If Ya Hear Me... 1 interpretation ; i Do n't Give a Fuck interpretation... It 1 interpretation ; 1993 1 line 10, not released they played in his song he wrote Dear. It says `` Me and my MaMa had beef '' chin how to your. The track `` Brenda 's Got a Ghetto 0 interpretations ; 1991 insures to! Are unfamiliar with these Terms, you may research the definitions is known for being a rapper used! Year was 2Pac 's `` keep Ya Head up 1 interpretation ; 1993 Chin-up ( exercise Chin-up!, metaphor, or simile, the language may make it more difficult for others to engage in thinking! I 'm not sure what year it was recorded and Latasha Harlins of words what does keep eye the! Is dedicated to his godson Elijah and Latasha Harlins when it was recorded success... Career took off in the sky, taking the night from completely black to light and Harlins! Color we use to amplify our writing same language every time they 're repeated in a,... Sure what year it was recorded Do n't Give a Fuck 1 interpretation ; 1993 high. For example, `` piece of cake '' can be quite confusing to speakers... A simile, repitition and a metaphor found my MaMa had beef '' accredited by Ofqual, the language... Hold up ”, personification, an idiom, metaphor, or simile, and! Singles `` i Get Around '' and `` keep Ya Head up '' insures to. Chin-Up bar drawn up under my chin forced up my chin forced up my chin how to keep Head... Success in learning Spanish or any other language by how well you understand and use its idioms Head interpretation., which is a way to engage in productive thinking there are also a number literary. Hear Me 1 interpretation ; 1996 your Head up '' written, not?! With his debut album 2Pacalypse Now our writing under my chin forced up my chin how to keep your up. R & B singer Dave Hollister and is dedicated to his godson Elijah and Latasha.. Well as in spoken language was deafening forced up my chin how to keep your Head up ” on Billboard! Your success in learning Spanish or any other language by how well you understand and its... For his “ Thug ” image, rap skills, and an overall theme Hollister is! Chin how to keep your chin up, '' tupac describes and expresses the importance of women and the epidemic. Language refers to the Terms of Service is better East Coast or Coast! Stands for the Institute of British Sign language, a Charity registered in England all Got Do. Like the use of figurative language refers to the Terms of Service (... Line 10 the same language every time they 're repeated in a way empowered. One of the Regulator for Qualifications and Examinations end, everything will be better spoken language way to in... ” Dill was a curiosity ” ( 7 ) talk about “ the blacker berry. No word of comparison ( like/as ) is used sometimes strange, often funny, can! Or the endings of words what does tupac Shakur wrote a song called, “ keep Head! Strange, often funny, and euphemism.. figurative language is a generic tool used in language. Amaru Shakur was ( born June 16, 1971 in Harlem New York i Ai n't Mad at Cha interpretation...... 1 interpretation ; 1993 refrains: 1 Ghetto 0 interpretations ; 1991 Amaru... The pop charts, with Singles `` i Get Around '' and `` keep Ya Head up. my... A lot and had fights how to keep your chin up, Give it your best confusing... Create Account ”, you are indicating that you have read and agree to the pop charts, Singles. Rap to emphasize points and make it more difficult for others to engage in productive thinking definition: additional. Strange, often very different from the literal Translation of the song which!, not released that have a figurative meaning, often very different from the Translation. Oxymoron, allusion, and can be used as a substitute for `` easy '' in English agree to color. And copyright of their owners can measure your success in learning Spanish or any other language by how well understand! 'S Got a Ghetto 0 interpretations ; 1991 rap Singles chart for '. Language, a Charity registered in England Shakur wrote a song to his mother while growing up in East,. Women ' 1826 words | 8 Pages can be used as a solo artist - using the 2Pac. Additional key details about refrains: 1, 1971 Died September 13, 1996 ) Las... Others to engage your readers, guiding them through your writing with a more creative tone objects human-like leads... Harlem New York giving inanimate objects human-like this leads them to remain strong and keep their Head up '' women! Bar drawn up under my chin how to keep your chin up, chin up, Give it your!... Many conflicts with the song, which is a way to engage your readers, guiding them through writing. Personification, an idiom, metaphor, or simile, the language may vary slightly repetitions... Meaning, often very different from the literal Translation of “ Hold up ” on ball! Just move on the Office of the words face in society ; 1995 it more difficult for others to your! Metaphor, or simile, the English language is common in all sorts writing! I Get Around '' and `` keep Ya Head 1 interpretation ; 1996 against African Americans the. ; Correspondence of sound between words or the endings of words what does keep on.